Effect of Proteins Extracted from Sidr Fruits and Their Impact on Mitosis in Peanut Cells

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of proteins isolated from Sidr (Ziziphus) fruits on mitosis in the meristematic root tips of peanut plants. Proteins were extracted from Sidr fruits and precipitated using ammonium sulfate and TCA/acetone methods. The extracted proteins were identified using electrophoresis techniques.

The results demonstrated that the TCA/acetone method was more efficient in protein precipitation compared to ammonium sulfate. The percentage of precipitated protein using TCA/acetone reached 0.83%, whereas ammonium sulfate at concentrations of 40–60% yielded 0.045–0.145%, respectively. The findings also revealed that Sidr proteins exhibited 10 distinct bands, regardless of the precipitation method used.

Furthermore, treatment with a mixture of Sidr proteins and colchicine caused significant chromosomal abnormalities. All treated cells showed an increased frequency of chromosomal stickiness, leading to incomplete cell division. Proteins isolated using ammonium sulfate and combined with colchicine had the strongest effect on cell division, with chromosomal stickiness reaching up to 95%, along with a limited number of mitotic stages, all displaying chromosomal aberrations.

Similarly, treatment of meristematic cells with colchicine and proteins isolated using TCA/acetone strongly affected cell division, with chromosomal stickiness reaching 90% and noticeable nuclear abnormalities. These results highlight the importance of isolated Sidr proteins in influencing cellular activity and suggest their potential role in regulating and controlling cell division.